System and method for selecting media content

ABSTRACT

Methods, systems, and computer programs for generating a playlist of media content items without explicit content. A vector space is created that represents explicit and non-explicit tracks in the same playlists created by other users and then tracks are filtered based on cosine distance between the “seed tracks” and all the tracks in the aforementioned playlist. The explicit tracks are filtered out, and tracks are sorted based on the affinity of the user to the artist.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a Continuation of U.S. Application No. 16/123,300,filed Sep. 6, 2018, and which application is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety. To the extent appropriate, a claim ofpriority is made to the above disclosed application.

BACKGROUND

People’s motivation to listen to explicit music is likely driven more byan artist or genre affinity than a desire to hear explicit lyrics. Yet,songs with explicit lyrics are prevalent in user-created playlists.Existing techniques for managing media content are generally based onmedia items that are marked or tagged with content ratings. For exampleU.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2012/0311625A1, titled “Systems and Methods forManaging Media Content based on Segment-Based Assignment of ContentRating” describes a technique to assign a content rating to segments ofmedia content. U.S. Pat. No. 9,767,827, titled “Management, Replacementand Removal of Explicit Lyrics During Audio Playback” explains how songsthat contain explicit lyrics may be marked as including explicit lyricsin their metadata (e.g., within MP3 or AAC files).

Modern audio players are able to prevent the playing of songs withexplicit lyrics based on such criteria. If a user desires to listen to anon-explicit segment of the song or a non-explicit version of a song,the user needs to interact with a user interface and use significantcomputing resources to either determine such segments or obtain the newversion of the song.

Existing interfaces such as those described above allow a user to switchout or remove unwanted audio while playing an audio stream byconfiguring the audio player to playback an alternate audio streamwithout explicit content. Typical audio players provide a user interfacethat allows a user to select whether or not to remove unwanted audiowhen playing audio streams. The audio player may allow the user tospecify that unwanted audio should be removed from all audio streamsbeing played, or alternatively may allow a user to specify individualaudio streams that should have unwanted audio removed during playback,or both. Such audio players also provide an interface that allows a userto select a corresponding version of the song that does not contain theexplicit language.

Many music-streaming applications provide recommendations based on thelistening history and/or activity of the user. These features typicallyanalyze such user activity to suggest content among a vast catalog ofmedia that is predicted to match the listening or viewing preferences ofthe user.

Neither existing players nor media distribution platforms use mediacontent that includes explicit content to create a playlist of mediacontent items based on the listening history of the user, which may ormay not include explicit content, to create a list of media contentitems without any explicit content.

The problem with such audio players and applications is that they do nottake into consideration the metadata of the audio content that isunrelated to whether the content contains explicit language togetherwith the activity of the corresponding media content streaming account.Audio players further lack an interface that can communicate a commandto a media distribution platform to instruct it to predict and generatea playlist based on such metadata and activity data. A related technicalproblem involves the amount of processing time and resources required byexisting audio players and media distribution platforms to obtainalternative media content items. Existing techniques typically wait fora user to provide a request and then process the request. Similarly,existing techniques unnecessarily filter out media content items thatare not desired rather than affirmatively selecting media content itemsthat are predicted to be appropriate for a playlist. The more anoperator must flag as inappropriate or remove from a playlist anundesirable song the more resources are required. Yet another technicalproblem is that while the media items may be tagged with metadata,nothing in such metadata relates to user activity related to such mediaitems. Thus further decreasing the media player and/or mediadistribution platform’s ability to efficiently and correctly selectrelevant media items to be played back.

Another technical problem solved is calculating an affinity score todetermine which media content items the user may like best.

SUMMARY

The present system and method provides a solution to the above technicalproblems by generating a playlist composed of songs with non-explicitlyrics based on songs with explicit lyrics.

In general terms, the present disclosure is directed to a system andmethod for creating a clean-programmed set of media content items basedon the listening profile of the user. The user simply selects to listento a “Wash Your Mouth Out” playlist. In another embodiment, while a useris listening to a song, the user is able to switch to listen tonon-explicit songs. The currently played song is the “seed song,” whichis used to create a playlist (or individual songs) that are most similarto the seed song, but without explicit lyrics.

To achieve this, a multi-step process is employed. A vector space iscreated that represents explicit and non-explicit songs in the sameplaylists created by other users. Playlists with more than, e.g., 50%explicit songs, are used to create the vector space. Songs are filteredbased on cosine distance between the “seed song” and all the songs inthe aforementioned playlist. In turn, the explicit songs are filteredout. Songs are sorted based on the affinity of the user to the artist.The songs with the highest affinity are played first.

In a first embodiment, a method of playing media content items isdescribed. The method includes receiving a seed media content item at aninformation storage and media distribution platform from a datastore ofa plurality of media content items. A vector space comprising the seedmedia content item and a plurality of related media content items iscreated. A similarity score between the seed media content item and theplurality of related media content items is calculated. The explicitmedia content items are removed from the plurality of related mediacontent items to create a plurality of clean media content items. Anaffinity score for each of the plurality of clean media content items isdetermined. Finally, media content items are played from the pluralityof clean media content items based on the affinity score and thesimilarity score of the media content item.

In another embodiment, a system comprising a non-transitory memory and aprocessing device coupled to the memory and constructed to execute theprocess steps stored in the memory. The process steps include steps,which when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform thefollowing steps. Receive a seed media content item at an informationstorage and retrieval platform from a datastore of a plurality of mediacontent item. Create a vector space comprising the seed media contentitem and a plurality of related media content items. Calculate asimilarity score between the seed media content item and the pluralityof related media content items. Remove explicit media content items fromthe plurality of related media content items to create a plurality ofclean media content items. Determining an affinity score for each of theplurality of clean media content items. Play a media content item fromthe plurality of clean media content items based on the affinity scoreand the similarity score of the media content item.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed incolor. Copies of this patent or patent application publication withcolor drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and paymentof the necessary fee.

FIG. 1 is an architectural overview of a system for recommendingnon-explicit media content according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an example method for generating non-explicit media contentaccording to an example embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram for explaining a process for recommendingnon-explicit media content according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 4 illustrates geometrically user and item vectors, and the anglesbetween them in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example vector model.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example embodiment of tracks arranged by cosinedistance.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example list of related tracks from the model.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example list of related tracks without trackshaving explicit content.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example list of related tracks without trackshaving explicit content sorted based on artist affinity.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an example client-server data systemaccording to an example embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a special purpose server-side computerconstructed to realize the server-side functionality of the exampleembodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments will be described in detail with reference to thedrawings, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts andassemblies throughout the several views.

The example embodiments described herein provide systems, methods, andcomputer products for recommending media suitable for a designated user.This description is not intended to limit the application to the exampleembodiments presented herein. In fact, after reading the followingdescription, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s)how to implement the following example embodiments in alternativeembodiments (e.g., in domains outside of media recommendation).

The system and method are generally directed towards procuring andgenerating non-explicit (or clean) media content items that are based ona seed media content item containing explicit media content. Asdescribed herein, consuming media content items may include one or moreof listening to audio content, watching video content, or consumingother types of media content. For ease of explanation, the embodimentsdescribed in this application are presented using specific examples. Forexample, audio content (and in particular music) is described as anexample of one form of media consumption, and examples commonly refer to“songs” or “tracks” are representative of a media content item. Anexample system provides a way of either playing a track or creating aplaylist composed of tracks with non-explicit lyrics based on a trackwith explicit lyrics.

Media content items may include audio and video content. Examples ofaudio content include songs, albums, playlists, radio stations,podcasts, audiobooks, and other audible media content items. Examples ofvideo content include movies, music videos, television programs, andother visible media content items. In many cases, video content alsoincludes audio content.

Many users desire a personalized media consuming experience. Forexample, a user can access almost limitless catalogs of media contentitems through various free or fee-based media delivery services, such asmedia streaming services. Users can use mobile devices or other mediaplayback devices to access large catalogs of media content items. Due tosuch large collections of media content items, it is desired to make itpossible to customize a selection of media content items to fit wellwith users’ individual desire to consume their favorite media contentitems while also providing an experience without explicit content.

In an embodiment, a playlist is created that includes media contentitems without explicit content, and does not include content that merelyhas the explicit content removed or bleeped (the clean version of themedia content item). In another embodiment, a playlist is created thatincludes media content items without explicit content, including cleanversions of media content items.

It should be noted that tracks selected or playlists created by thesystem and method described herein are not just the clean version of theseed track. The system is not just directed towards presenting only theclean version of tracks already included in selected playlists. Thesystem is capable of selecting songs that are similar to the seed trackthat are not explicit.

FIG. 1 is an architectural overview of a system 100 for recommendingmedia content items, for example tracks, based on a specified seed trackaccording to an example embodiment.

Media distribution platform 110 is a platform for distributing digitalmedia content to end-users on client devices 120 each client devicecommunicatively coupled to media distribution platform 110. Mediadistribution platform 110 may deliver a variety of media objects,including, but not limited to songs, audiobooks, podcasts, videos,movies and TV shows. Media content items are stored in the form of mediafiles in media content database 130 communicatively coupled to mediadistribution platform 110. Media distribution platform 110 maydistribute media content items to client devices 120 as downloadableobjects (i.e. media files), live streaming objects (e.g. radio stationsor video channels), on-demand streaming media, and so forth. Mediadistribution platform 110 may also deliver media-related applicationsand services to client devices 120. Media distribution platform 110 isable to store and retrieve data from distributed data storage 140.

Client devices 120 are computer hardware and/or software that allow anend-user to access and interact with the media content and services madeavailable by media distribution platform 110. Client devices 120 accessthe media stored in the media content database 130 and the data ofdistributed data storage 140 through the media distribution platform110.

Media content database 130 stores a catalog of media content items inthe form of media files, as well as metadata associated with the mediacontent items, such as song or video titles, artist names, song or videodurations, and associated album titles.

Distributed data storage 140 stores data used by and collected frommedia distribution platform 110. Distributed data storage 140 may be adistributed file system such as, for example, any known or future knowndistributed file system and associated software framework such as anApache Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) (i.e. “Hadoop Cluster”) andthe Apache MapReduce framework. Data from distributed data storage 140may be queried or processed using a cluster-computing framework such asApache Spark. Examples of data stored in distributed data storage 140include, but are not limited to, interaction database 141, media objectdatabase 142, word vector database 143, text corpus database 144, andfeature vector database 180.

Interaction database 141 includes data collected from interactionsperformed by end-users on media distribution platform 110 (e.g. songs orvideos played, playlists created, applications executed, etc.). Theseinteractions can be performed, for example, using one of client devices120 and may be collected into interaction histories (e.g. mediasessions, or viewing and listening histories). Interaction histories aredata structures that contain metadata corresponding to media objectsfrom media content database 130 that an individual user has interactedwith over a time period. This metadata can include, for example, mediacontent identifiers for each of the media content items. Media contentidentifiers can be alphanumeric characters or other representationsthat, when processed, link metadata to an associated media content item.Interaction histories can be used to provide personalized mediarecommendations to end-users, for example, by maintaining a tasteprofile for each end-user based on analysis of the interactionhistories.

Media object database 142 are data structures that contain metadataassociated with a finite set of media content items (e.g. a music orvideo playlist, a saved favorites list or a media queue). The mediaobject database 142 can be user-generated at individual ones of clientdevices 120 (as described in more detail with respect to FIG. 3 below),automatically generated, or curated by an editorial staff.

Word vector database 143 include numerical vector representations ofwords and phrases (i.e. word embedding). They represent words in ann-dimensional space, each dimension quantifying a latent feature of thewords based on co-occurrences of the words in a text corpus, such as acollection of documents, articles, or books. Word vector database 143can be created and processed by neural networks to group similar wordsbased on context and to perform mathematical calculations on words. Inthe example embodiments described herein, word vector database 143 caninclude pre-trained word or phrase vectors, for example those madepublicly available as part of the Google Word2Vec toolset(https://code.google.com/p/word2vec/).

Text corpus database 144 includes training text data that can beinputted into a neural network or vector encoding toolset (e.g. a vectormodel) to generate word vectors. Text corpus data may include any typeof document or paragraph containing words in a useful context. Forexample, the text corpus data may include books, encyclopedia entries,or news articles. In other examples, the text corpus data may includetext from media-related editorial content such as music or film relatedreviews, news articles, or social media commentary. This media-relatededitorial content can, for example, be periodically scraped from theweb.

Vector engine 150 includes a trainable neural network that generatesfeature vectors for various objects and performs mathematicalcomputations on the generated feature vectors. The neural network, forexample, implements known or future known algorithms or toolsets such asa vector model toolset and modifications thereof. As described morefully below with respect to FIG. 3 , in addition to using word vectordatabase 143 and text corpus database 144, vector engine 150 can betrained using interaction database 141 and media object database 142.Vector engine 150 can initialize latent feature vectors for words,individual media object lists, individual media content items, andindividual interaction histories. Mathematical computations, such ascomputational nudging, can be performed on the feature vectors based onco-occurrences of media content items in the media content lists,co-occurrences of media content items or media content lists ininteraction histories, or co-occurrences of words in the titles of themedia content lists or in the metadata associated with the media contentitems. Once trained, vector engine 150 is able to recommend mediacontent items by performing additional computations on the variousfeature vectors, for example, by calculating cosine similarities betweenthe feature vectors.

Feature vector database 180 stores feature vectors generated by vectorengine 150. The feature vectors can be periodically updated throughcomputations performed by vector engine 150 based on new contexts (i.e.new co-occurrences of objects corresponding to the feature vectors). Thestored feature vectors may also be accessed and used by otherapplications external to vector engine 150.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example method 200 of creating a playlist ofnon-explicit media content items, such as non-explicit tracks, based ona seed track containing explicit lyrics. It should be noted thatthroughout the specification, tracks are used as an example of mediacontent items; however, this is not to be seen as limiting. First, atstep 202, a vector model is created. The model contains all playlistswith greater than 50% explicit tracks. The model uses playlists createdby all users in the application, attempting to uncover latent structurein millions of combinations of tracks.

For example, a user of a media streaming service can create a playlistor a playlist can be created and/or edited by a group of users togetherto make it a collaborative playlist. In some embodiments, user-createdplaylists can be available to a particular user only, a group of users,or to the public based on a user-definable privacy setting.

In addition or alternatively, at least some of the playlists are createdby a media streaming service provider. In some embodiments, aprovider-created playlist can be customized to a particular user or aparticular group of users. By way of example, a playlist for aparticular user can be automatically created based on the listeninghistory of the user (e.g., the taste profile of the user) and/orlistening history of other users with similar tastes. In otherembodiments, a provider-created playlist can be configured to beavailable for the public in general. Provider-created playlists can alsobe sharable with other users. In the context of the present system andmethod, these playlists are not limited to content including explicitand non-explicit content.

Next, at step 204, tracks are filtered based on the cosine distance tothe seek track. A list of tracks is created in order of higher cosinevalues to lower cosine values. At step 206, tracks with explicit contentare filtered out from the list. Only the tracks without explicit contentremain on the list. At step 208, the tracks are sorted based on anaffinity to the listen history of the user. For example, tracks aresorted based on artist affinity to the user, or to genre affinity to theuser.

Artist affinity (or an affinity based on other attributes) is determinedby the taste profile of the user. The taste profiles contain recordsindicating media content tastes of users. A taste profile can beassociated with a user and associated user ID, and used to maintain anin-depth understanding of the music activity and preference of thatuser, enabling personalized recommendations, taste profiling, and a widerange of social music applications. Libraries and wrappers can beaccessed to create taste profiles from a media library of the user,social website activity and other specialized databases to mine musicpreferences.

In some embodiments, each taste profile is a representation of musicalactivities, such as user preferences and historical information aboutthe consumption of media content of the user, and can include a widerange of information such as artist plays, song plays, skips, dates oflisten by the user, songs per day, playlists, play counts,start/stop/skip data for portions of a song or album, contents ofcollections, user rankings, preferences, or other mentions received viaa client device, or other media plays, such as websites visited, booktitles, movies watched, playing activity during a movie or otherpresentations, ratings, or terms corresponding to the media, such as“comedy,” “sexy,” etc.

In addition, the taste profiles can include other information. Forexample, the taste profiles can include libraries and/or playlists ofmedia content items associated with the user. The taste profiles canalso include information about the relationships of the user with otherusers.

The taste profiles can be used for a number of purposes. One use oftaste profiles is for creating personalized recommendations, where thecontents of a taste profile are used to represent an individual’s taste.This API call uses a taste profile as a seed for obtainingrecommendations or playlists of similar artists.

Another use of taste profile is to create a taste vector. A user tastevector is a vector within a vector space that represents the user tasteprofile. The user taste profile is used as a seed for determining artistaffinity (or an affinity based on other attributes).

A taste profile can represent a single user or multiple users.Conversely, a single user or entity can have multiple taste profiles.For example, one taste profile can be generated in connection with amedia content play activity of the user, whereas another separate tasteprofile can be generated for the same user based on the selection ofmedia content items and/or artists of the user for a playlist.

Briefly, in FIG. 3 , corpus data from distributed data storage 140 isinput into vector engine 150. Vector engine 150 initializes featurevectors, each feature vector representing an object from the corpusdata. The vector engine 150 nudges the feature vectors based onco-occurrences of the objects in the corpus data and then stores thefeature vectors in feature vector database 180. Client device 120 thendetects that a user desires to listen to non-explicit media contentitems and vector engine 150 identifies a feature vector among thefeature vectors stored in feature vector database 180 associated withthe seed track. Vector engine 150 then calculates cosine similaritiesbetween the feature vector associated with the seed track and otherfeature vectors stored in feature vector database 180. The calculatedcosine similarities define similarities and differences between theobjects and can then be used by the vector engine 150 to select a mediacontent item or a media content list and/or recommend a media contentitem or media content list to a user.

In more detail, in step 301, corpus data is inputted into vector engine150 in order to train vector engine 150 on the contexts that relate ordifferentiate various objects. The corpus data may be collected, forexample, from distributed data storage 140 and may include media objectdatabase 142, each media object database 142 containing metadataassociated with a plurality of media content items stored in mediacontent database 130, and each media content list having a title. Themedia content lists may each also include or be linked to one or moretags, each tag associating a word or phrase to the respective mediacontent list. The corpus data may also include word vector database 143and text corpus database 144, as well as interaction database 141,including a plurality of interaction histories, each interaction historycontaining metadata associated with a plurality of media content itemsin media content database 130. The corpus data provides data on variousco-occurrences of objects, for example, two media content itemscontained in the same media content list, a common word appearing in thetitles of two different media content lists, two media content itemsfound in the same interaction history, a word found in a title of amedia content list and also appearing in a document of the text corpusdata, and so forth.

In step 302, vector engine 150 includes a neural network or vectorencoding toolset that initializes feature vectors for various objects inthe corpus data. For example, feature vectors may be initialized foreach media content list, each word in the titles of the media contentlists, each word contained in the text corpus data, each tag of theplurality of media content lists, each interaction history, each mediacontent item, and so forth. The initialized feature vectors arenumerical vector representations of each media content items, eachfeature vector comprising n-dimensions each quantifying a latent featureof the media content items. In examples described herein, each featurevector is comprised of 40 dimensions, but feature vectors of any numberof dimensions may be initialized. Generally speaking, a greater numberof dimensions allows for increased specificity in defining thesimilarities and differences between media content items, but demandsincreased computational resources when initializing or performingcomputations on the feature vectors.

In step 303, vector engine 150 nudges the feature vectors based onco-occurrences of the respective media content items within the corpusdata. Nudging of the feature vectors involves modifying the numericalvalues of the feature vectors using one or a combination of knowncomputational algorithms including, but not limited to, gradientdescent, stochastic gradient descent, Continuous Bag-of Words (CBOW),Skip-Gram, hierarchical soft-max or negative sampling.

In step 304, the features vectors are stored by vector engine 150 infeature vector database 180. The stored feature vectors may be routinelyupdated by performing additional computations on the feature vectorsbased on newly inputted or updated corpus data or newly identifiedco-occurrences between objects in the corpus data. The stored featurevectors are accessible to vector engine 150 for further computations aswell as to applications and devices external to vector engine 150 suchas additional applications connected to media distribution platform 110.

In step 305, the user interface receives a “Wash Your Mouth Out” input.The “Wash Your Mouth Out” option plays media content items that do notinclude explicit content. This action can be detected by vector engine150 or by client device 120. In one example, the user may desire a cleanversion of tracks for a general music taste. In another example, theuser may need to listen to clean tracks while currently listening tomusic. When the user selects the “Wash Your Mouth Out” application, theymay be prompted to select a seed track. Alternatively, the track that auser is currently listening to becomes the seed track.

In step 306, vector engine 150 identifies, among the feature vectorsstored in feature vector database 180, a feature vector corresponding tothe seed track.

In step 307, vector engine 150 calculates the cosine similaritiesbetween the feature vector associated with the seed track identified instep 306 and other feature vectors stored in feature vector database 180(i.e. the distance between the two vectors in the vector space).

In step 308, vector engine 150 sorts the computed cosine similarities toidentify various media content items from the corpus data that areclosest in the vector space to the application selected in step 305 andselects one or more of the objects to be recommended to an end-user, forexample, through a media streaming application running on client device120.

In an embodiment, a user selects a “Wash Your Mouth Out” application.The seed track may be the track that is already playing on the mediastreaming application of the user.

FIG. 4 illustrates geometrically a user taste vector 406, and threerelated items vectors 402, 404, and 408. Although depicted here in twodimensions, the vectors may have any number of components (e.g., 20dimensions, 40 dimensions, or 100 dimensions). In FIG. 4 , the anglebetween the user taste vector 406 and item vector i₁ is θ 410. As knownin the art, the inner product (or dot product) of two vectors is theproduct of their lengths times the cosine of the angle between thevectors, as illustrated in the formula 412. Assuming i₁, i₂, and i₃ inFIG. 4 are item vectors corresponding to media content items, the itemsmost similar to each other are i₂, and i₃ because they are the closesttogether. If a user likes item i₂, then there is a reasonable chance theuser will also like i₃, but interest in i₁ is less likely.

An example vector model is shown in FIG. 5 using tracks. The vectormodel 600 is created across all playlists with greater than 50% explicittracks. All of the tracks, explicit or not, are included in the model.This model takes input as tracks and produces a vector space, such thattracks sharing a common attribute are located in close proximity to eachother. As shown, input 602 is a track by Eminem. The input 602 is alsoherein referred to as a “seed track.” In this example, tracks 604 a, 604b by a similar artist are mapped. Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg are within onedeviation from the input 602, and 50 Cent and 2Pac are within twodeviations from the input 602. The related tracks (or artists) arecalculated by P(wt-2/wt) for a second deviation and P(wt-1/wt) for afirst deviation. Tracks 604 a, 604 b are also known as contexts, whichmay include, but are not limited to, genre, album, etc. The modelincludes tracks with explicit lyrics as well as tracks with non-explicitlyrics.

In alternative embodiments, tracks may be ranked based on how manyexplicit lyrics the track contains, or the severity of the explicitlyrics. For example, in a conservative case, a track containing anyexplicit lyrics may be filtered out, while in a liberal case, a trackcontaining more than 25% explicit lyrics may be filtered out.

Further, users may opt out of hearing a specific artist. When a historyof a user has shown that the user continually skips tracks by aparticular artist, the model does not include tracks by that artist inthe clean playlist.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example vector space 700 with tracks arranged bycosine distance. Tracks that are closely arranged have a high cosinevalue. The process begins with an input 602 (also known as a “seedtrack”). The input 602 may or may not be a track with explicit lyrics.After the seed track has been identified, the related tracks 705 a, 705b, 706 a, 706 b are identified. Related tracks include tracks with andwithout explicit lyrics. The related tracks 704 are arranged in a vectorspace 700. A further-away track represents a track that has a loweramount of similarity to the input 602. Similarity includes the sameartist, same genre, and tracks that generally show up in the sameplaylists by users, etc.

In another embodiment, the vector space of FIG. 6 is created by anautomated system that clusters tracks into a space by collectingplaylist data and similarities across playlists that comprise the sametracks. The clustering may be done, for example, by calculating thepairwise cosine distance between two vectors among the plurality ofvector representations. If the pairwise cosine distance is below athreshold value, the two vectors are merged into a cluster. The twovectors are removed from the plurality of vector representations and acluster vector representation of the two vectors is calculated, forexample, as the mean of all vectors in the cluster. The cluster vectorrepresentation is reinserted into the plurality of vectorrepresentations and the clustering heuristic is repeated until a desirednumber of clusters is achieved.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example results table 800 from the vector space ofFIG. 6 . Instead of being arranged in a 3-D space, the tracks are listedin order of cosine value. All tracks with a high cosine value representtracks that are near the seed track in the vector space. The tracks arearranged in a list according to descending affinity score. The trackslisted include both explicit tracks 705 and non-explicit tracks 706.

The results table 800 is configured to identify one or more mediacontent items (i.e., tracks) by track identifiers 802. The results table800 is also configured to indicate whether or not the track contains aparental warning 804. Parental warning labels are placed on audiorecordings that have excessive profanities or inappropriate references.The parental warning is added to tracks by the record label to materialwith strong language or depictions of violence, sex, or substance abuseto such an extent as to merit parental notification. Still further,parental warnings are added to tracks by the record label to materialthat includes racist, homophobic, misogynistic, or other discriminatorylanguage or behavior.

FIG. 8 shows an example of a filtered results table 900. The filteredresults table 900 is a table created using the vector space withexplicit tracks removed (with the exception of the seed track) from theresults table of FIG. 8 . The results 902 are sorted by distance 906(representing a similarity score) from the seed track 604. The distancemay be a cosine distance calculated using the vector space model. Trackswith a smaller distance are listed higher in the list because they aremore closely related to the seed track 604.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example customized results table 1000 that iscustomized to a specific user. The results table of FIG. 8 has beenrearranged based on an artist affinity score 1008 (also referred toherein as an affinity score). The customized results table 1000 includestracks 1002 that are not explicit (i.e., have no parental warning), havea small distance 906, and a high artist affinity score 1008. It shouldbe noted that the affinity score is not necessarily based on artist, butmay be based on other attributes, such as genre, album, etc. The trackswith the highest affinity are the tracks most similar sounding to theseed track, and assumed to be desirable to the user.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an example client-server data system 1100configured in accordance with the principles of the invention. Datasystem 1 100 can include server 1102 and client device 120. In someembodiments, data system 1100 can include multiple servers 1102,multiple client devices 120. or both multiple servers 1102 and multipleclient devices 120. For simplicity, only one server 1102 and one clientdevice 102 are illustrated.

Server 1102 may include any suitable types of servers that can store andprovide data to client device 102 (e.g., file server, database server,web server, distributed server, clustered servers, or a media server).Server 1102 can store data, and server 1102 can receive data downloadrequests from client device 120.

In some embodiments, server 1102 can obtain and process data from one ormore client devices 120.

Server 1102 can communicate with client device 102 over communicationslink 1103. Communications link 1103 can include any suitable wired orwireless communications link, or combinations thereof, by which data maybe exchanged between server 1102 and client device 120. For example,communications link 1103 can include a satellite link, a fiber-opticlink, a cable link, an Internet link, or any other suitable wired orwireless link. Communications link 1103 may enable data transmissionusing any suitable communications protocol supported by the medium ofcommunications link 1103. Such communications protocols may include, forexample, Wi-Fi (e.g., a 802.11 protocol), Ethernet, Bluetooth™, radiofrequency systems (e.g., 900 MHz. 2.4 GHz. and 5.6 GHz communicationsystems), infrared, TCP/IP (e.g., and the protocols used in each of theTCP/IP layers). HTTP, BitTorrent, FTP. RTP, RTSP. SSH, any othercommunications protocol, or any combination thereof.

Client device 120 can include any electronic device capable ofcommunicating and/or displaying or providing data to a user and may beoperative to communicate with server 1102. For example, client device120 can include a portable media player, a cellular telephone,pocket-sized personal computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, atablet, and any other device capable of communicating via wires orwirelessly (with or without the aid of a wireless-enabling accessorydevice).

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a special purpose server-side computer1200 constructed to realize the server-side functionality of the exampleembodiments. Computer 1200 may include any of processor device 1210,main memory 1225. bus 1205, mass storage device 1230, peripheral devices1240, input control devices 1280. portable storage medium device 1250.graphics subsystem 1260, and output display 1270.

The mass storage device 1230 of server-side computer 1200 stores vectorengine 150. Additionally, mass storage device 1230 may optionally storeinteraction database 141, media object database 142, word vectordatabase 143, text corpus database 144 or feature vector database 180extracted from distributed data storage 140.

Computer 1200 might be incorporated in a stand-alone apparatus or in amulticomponent apparatus, such as for grid computing in a cluster ofservers or a distributed file system.

Each component of the client device 120 and computer 1200 may representa broad category of a computer component of a general and/or specialpurpose computer. Components of the client device 120 and computer 1200are not limited to the specific implementations provided herein.

Software embodiments of the example embodiments presented herein may beprovided as a computer program product, or software, that may include anarticle of manufacture on a machine-accessible or machine-readablemedium having instructions. The instructions on the non-transitorymachine-accessible machine-readable or computer-readable medium may beused to program a computer system or other electronic device. Themachine- or computer-readable medium may include, but is not limited to,floppy diskettes, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magneto-optical disks orother types of media/machine-readable medium suitable for storing ortransmitting electronic instructions. The techniques described hereinare not limited to any particular software configuration. They may findapplicability in any computing or processing environment. The terms“computer-readable,” “machine-accessible medium,” or “machine-readablemedium,” used herein shall include any medium that is capable ofstoring, encoding, or transmitting a sequence of instructions forexecution by the machine and that causes the machine to perform any oneof the methods described herein. Furthermore, it is common in the art tospeak of software, in one form or another (e.g., program, procedure,process, application, module, unit, logic, and so on), as taking anaction or causing a result. Such expressions are merely a shorthand wayof stating that the execution of the software by a processing systemcauses the processor to perform an action to produce a result.

Portions of the example embodiments of the invention may be convenientlyimplemented by using a conventional general purpose computer, aspecialized digital computer and/or a microprocessor programmedaccording to the teachings of the present disclosure, as is apparent tothose skilled in the computer art. Appropriate software coding mayreadily be prepared by skilled programmers based on the teachings of thepresent disclosure.

Some embodiments may also be implemented by the preparation ofapplication-specific integrated circuits, field-programmable gatearrays, or by interconnecting an appropriate network of conventionalcomponent circuits.

Some embodiments include a computer program product. The computerprogram product may be a storage medium or media having instructionsstored thereon or therein which can be used to control, or cause, acomputer to perform any of the procedures of the example embodiments ofthe invention. The storage medium may include without limitation afloppy disk, a mini disk, an optical disc, a Blu-ray Disc, a DVD, a CDor CD-ROM, a micro-drive, a magneto-optical disk, a ROM, a RAM, anEPROM, an EEPROM, a DRAM, a VRAM, a flash memory, a flash card, amagnetic card, an optical card, nanosystems, a molecular memoryintegrated circuit, a RAID, remote data storage/archive/warehousing,and/or any other type of device suitable for storing instructions and/ordata.

Stored on any one of the computer-readable medium or media, someimplementations include software for controlling both the hardware ofthe general and/or special computer or microprocessor, and for enablingthe computer or microprocessor to interact with a human user or othermechanism utilizing the results of the example embodiments of theinvention. Such software may include without limitation device drivers,operating systems, and user applications. Ultimately, suchcomputer-readable media further include software for performing exampleaspects of the invention, as described above.

Included in the programming and/or software of the general and/orspecial purpose computer or microprocessor are software modules forimplementing the procedures described above.

While various example embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed above, it should be understood that they have been presentedby way of example, and not limitation. It will be apparent to personsskilled in the relevant art(s) that various changes in form and detailcan be made therein. Thus, the present invention should not be limitedby any of the above described example embodiments, but should be definedonly in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.Further, the Abstract is not intended to be limiting as to the scope ofthe example embodiments presented herein in any way. It is also to beunderstood that the procedures recited in the claims need not beperformed in the order presented.

1-14. (canceled)
 15. A client device for generating a non-explicit playlist, comprising: an output display; one or more processors; non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon one or more sequences of instructions for causing the one or more processors to: display, on the output display, a playlist of media content items including one or more explicit media content items; display, on the output display, an option to create a non-explicit playlist including one or more non-explicit content items based on the playlist of media content items including the one or more explicit media content items; receive an input instructing to create the non-explicit playlist; and create the non-explicit playlist based on a seed media content item corresponding to at least one of the media content items in the playlist.
 16. The client device of claim 15, the non-transitory computer-readable medium further having stored thereon one or more sequences of instructions for causing the one or more processors to: replace each of the one or more explicit media content items with a non-explicit content, correspondingly.
 17. The client device of claim 15, the non-transitory computer-readable medium further having stored thereon one or more sequences of instructions for causing the one or more processors to: play the seed media content item, wherein the seed media content item is playing while the selection is received.
 18. The client device of claim 15, the non-transitory computer-readable medium further having stored thereon one or more sequences of instructions for causing the one or more processors to: display on the output display a prompt to select the seed media content item; and receive a seed media content item selection.
 19. The client device of claim 15, the non-transitory computer-readable medium further having stored thereon one or more sequences of instructions for causing the one or more processors to: create, based on the seed media content item, a vector space representing one or more explicit media content items and one or more non-explicit media content items, wherein the one or more explicit media content items are media content items that have been identified as containing explicit content and the one or more non-explicit media content items are media content items that have been identified as containing non-explicit content; and filter out the one or more explicit media content items.
 20. The client device of claim 19, wherein: the seed media content item is in a playlist of a user; and the vector space represents one or more playlists created by one or more other users.
 21. The client device of claim 15, the non-transitory computer-readable medium further having stored thereon one or more sequences of instructions for causing the one or more processors to: sort a plurality of media content items in the non-explicit playlist based on an affinity of the user to an artist associated with each of the plurality of media content items; and play the plurality of media content items in an order based on the affinity.
 22. The client device of claim 15, wherein the non-explicit playlist contains one or more non-explicit media content items, the one or more non-explicit media content items being media content items that have been identified as containing non-explicit content; and none of the one or more non-explicit media content items is the seed media content item.
 23. A method for generating a non-explicit playlist, comprising: displaying, on an output display, a playlist of media content items including one or more explicit media content items; displaying, on the output display, an option to create a non-explicit playlist listing including one or more media non-explicit content items based on the playlist of media content items including the one or more explicit media content items; receiving an input instructing to create the non-explicit playlist; and creating the non-explicit playlist based on a seed media content item corresponding to at least one of the media content items in the playlist.
 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising: replacing each of the one or more explicit media content items with a non-explicit content, correspondingly.
 25. The method of claim 23, further comprising: playing the seed media content item, wherein the seed media content item is playing while the selection is received.
 26. The method of claim 23, further comprising: displaying on the output display a prompt to select the seed media content item; and receiving a seed media content item selection.
 27. The method of claim 23, further comprising: creating, based on the seed media content item, a vector space representing one or more explicit media content items and one or more non-explicit media content items, wherein the one or more explicit media content items are media content items that have been identified as containing explicit content and the one or more non-explicit media content items are media content items that have been identified as containing non-explicit content; and filtering out the one or more explicit media content items.
 28. The method of claim 27, wherein: the seed media content item is in a playlist of a user; and the vector space represents one or more playlists created by one or more other users.
 29. The method of claim 23, further comprising: sorting a plurality of media content items in the non-explicit playlist based on an affinity of the user to an artist associated with each of the plurality of media content items; and playing the plurality of media content items in an order based on the affinity.
 30. The method of claim 23: wherein the non-explicit playlist contains one or more non-explicit media content items, the one or more non-explicit media content items being media content items that have been identified as containing non-explicit content; and none of the one or more non-explicit media content items is the seed media content item.
 31. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon one or more sequences of instructions for causing one or more processors to perform: displaying, on an output display, a playlist of media content items including one or more explicit media content items; displaying, on the output display, an option to create a non-explicit playlist listing including one or more media non-explicit content items based on the playlist of media content items including the one or more explicit media content items; receiving an input instructing to create the non-explicit playlist; and creating the non-explicit playlist based on a seed media content item corresponding to at least one of the media content items in the playlist.
 32. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 31, further having stored thereon a sequence of instructions for causing the one or more processors to perform: replacing each of the one or more explicit media content items with a non-explicit content, correspondingly.
 33. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 31, further having stored thereon a sequence of instructions for causing the one or more processors to perform: playing the seed media content item, wherein the seed media content item is playing while the selection is received.
 34. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 31, further having stored thereon a sequence of instructions for causing the one or more processors to perform: displaying on the output display a prompt to select the seed media content item; and receiving a seed media content item selection.
 35. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 31, further having stored thereon a sequence of instructions for causing the one or more processors to perform: creating, based on the seed media content item, a vector space representing one or more explicit media content items and one or more non-explicit media content items, wherein the one or more explicit media content items are media content items that have been identified as containing explicit content and the one or more non-explicit media content items are media content items that have been identified as containing non-explicit content; and filtering out the one or more explicit media content items.
 36. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 35, wherein: the seed media content item is in a playlist of a user; and the vector space represents one or more playlists created by one or more other users.
 37. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 31, further having stored thereon a sequence of instructions for causing the one or more processors to perform: sorting a plurality of media content items in the non-explicit playlist based on an affinity of the user to an artist associated with each of the plurality of media content items; and playing the plurality of media content items in an order based on the affinity.
 38. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 31: wherein the non-explicit playlist contains one or more non-explicit media content items, the one or more non-explicit media content items being media content items that have been identified as containing non-explicit content; and none of the one or more non-explicit media content items is the seed media content item. 